Genital Herpes

The virus is transmitted through contact with infected skin or mucous membranes. It does not live more than 30 minutes outside the human body and is sensitive to chlorine. Thus transmission from contaminated objects is difficult. The incubation time is from 3-20 days. Then the virus lives in a latent state in the body and from time to time it is possible to relapse.

85% of the human population has antibodies to herpes Type 1 but only 2% -25% to herpes Type 2. Many carriers of herpes Type 1 are asymptomatic.

The initial infection is manifested by blisters on a red surface in the genitalia that is accompanied by a burning sensation and often pain and painful urination (dysuria). There is also swelling in the inguinal lymph nodes. The episode of primary infection lasts 15-20 days. The relapses present a milder manifestation of symptoms and a shorter duration. A burning sensation or pain is usually preceded at the affected area. The lesions then dry out (crusts) and eventually disappear without scarring. Some relapses are more severe and more extensive while others are mild. Relapses are usually self-limited within 5-7 days. The disease is contagious during the appearance of blisters, although it is possible for the virus to be transmitted during the asymptomatic phase.

Factors that suppress the immune system can trigger a herpes infection (e.g. menstruation, stress, other diseases).

Oral antiviral drugs (acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir) are administered for a few days to target the virus-infected cells and are relatively safe. They substantially reduce the duration of the symptoms. When there are frequent relapses, we can administer antiviral treatment in daily basis for a period of 6 months to 1 year. Topical antibiotic ointments and preparations that dry the lesions are helpful. To prevent transmission, it is necessary to use a condom.